When purchasing a home with a septic system, or if you currently own a home with one, understanding how it works and how to properly maintain it is crucial for ensuring a healthy, long-lasting waste management system. Here’s what you need to know about septic systems and how to take care of them effectively.
What is a Septic System?
A septic system is an underground wastewater treatment structure commonly found in areas without centralized sewer systems. They use a combination of nature and proven technology to treat household wastewater from bathrooms, kitchen drains, and laundry. A typical system includes a septic tank and a drain field, or soil absorption field.
How Does It Work?
The septic tank digests organic matter and separates floatable matter (e.g., oils and grease) and solids from the wastewater. Soil-based systems discharge the liquid (known as effluent) from the septic tank into a series of perforated pipes buried in a leach field, chambers, or other special units designed to slowly release the effluent into the soil.
Regular Maintenance Tips
-
Inspect and Pump Frequently: The average household septic system should be inspected at least every three years by a professional, and the tank pumped as recommended by the inspector (generally every 3 to 5 years). Systems with mechanical components will typically require more frequent inspections.
-
Reduce Water Use: Excessive water use can cause a septic system to overload and flood the drain field. This can lead to system failure. Using water efficiently helps prevent this. Consider fixing leaks and installing high-efficiency fixtures.
-
Watch What You Flush: Avoid flushing anything besides human waste and toilet paper. Never flush:
- Cooking grease or oil
- Non-flushable wipes
- Photographic solutions
- Feminine hygiene products
- Condoms
- Dental floss
- Diapers
- Cigarette butts
- Coffee grounds
- Household chemicals like gasoline, oil, pesticides, antifreeze, and paint or paint thinners
-
Care for Your Drain field: Your drain field is a crucial part of your septic system. Keep parking areas, driveways, and heavy animals away from this area. Plant only grass near your septic system to avoid damage from roots. Keep roof drains, sump pumps, and other rainwater drainage systems away from the drainfield area, as excess water slows down or stops the wastewater treatment process.
Signs of Trouble
Be alert to these signs of a failing system:
- Sewage backups in your home
- Gurgling sounds in the plumbing
- Slow draining fixtures
- Water pooling in the drain field
- Unpleasant odors around the house and yard
If you notice any of these symptoms, contact a professional septic service provider immediately. Early detection can save you significant repair costs and prevent irreversible environmental damage.
Taking care of your septic system isn’t just about maintaining a functional home—it’s also about protecting the environment. Regular maintenance and being cautious about what goes into your system can go a long way in ensuring its efficiency and longevity. If you're buying a home with a septic system, consider a thorough inspection to avoid any hidden surprises. Remember, a little maintenance goes a long way toward avoiding big problems down the road.
